Installing NodeJS on the Raspberry Pi

Emmet Avatar by Emmet
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In this guide, we will be showing you the straightforward steps to installing NodeJS on the Raspberry Pi.

Raspberry Pi NodeJS

NodeJS is an open-source platform that allows you to run JavaScript outside of a web browser. It has quickly become popular amongst developers for command-line tools and server-side scripting to drive dynamic web pages.

Thanks to its event-driven architecture, it is a capable runtime that can achieve high throughput. Additionally, it uses the speedy V8 JavaScript engine, initially developed for the Chrome web browser.

Installing the NodeJS runtime on your Raspberry Pi is a straightforward process and only takes a couple of commands.

Alongside NodeJS, you will also install NPM to your Raspberry Pi. NPM is the default package manager for NodeJS and is what you will use to install additional modules.

As the software doesn’t require a GUI to operate, you can install this JavaScript runtime on a headless Raspberry Pi.

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Equipment

Below is the list of equipment we used for installing NodeJS on the Raspberry Pi.

Recommended

Optional

This tutorial was last tested on a Raspberry Pi 400, running the latest version of Raspberry Pi OS Bullseye.

Video Tutorial

Below is a short video that will take you through the steps to setting up NodeJS on the Raspberry Pi. Alternatively, a full written version is immediately below the video.

How to Install NodeJS to the Raspberry Pi

This section will show you how easy it is to install the latest versions of NodeJS on the Raspberry Pi.

To make this process as easy as possible, we will be using the distributions provided by NodeSource. In addition, this team provides builds for Debian, which is what Raspberry Pi OS is built upon.

Additionally, these NodeJS builds are also available for both 32-Bit and 64-bit ARM systems, perfect for our Raspberry Pi.

Preparing for the Node.JS repository

1. Before we begin installing NodeJS to our Raspberry Pi, let us first update the packages running on our operating system.

We can update the package list and upgrade existing packages using the following two commands.

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgradeCopy

2. Our next step is ensuring we have all the packages we need to access the Nodesource repository.

Install these packages by using the following command in the terminal.

sudo apt install -y ca-certificates curl gnupgCopy

Setting up the NodeSource Repository on the Raspberry Pi

3. With our Raspberry Pi up to date, we can now set up the NodeSource repository.

This repository will allow us to install the latest versions of NodeJS to the Raspberry Pi easily.

Let us start this process by downloading the Nodesource GPG key and storing it within the “/usr/share/keyrings” directory.

curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/gpgkey/nodesource-repo.gpg.key | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/nodesource.gpgCopy

4. With the GPG key stored on our Raspberry Pi, we can now the Nodesource Node.JS repository to the sources list.

Before we do this, you must decide what NodeJS version you want to install. Use the relevant line for which version you would like to install. If a newer release exists, replace the number with that version.

These lines simply set an environment variable we will reference in the next step.

  • LTS Release
NODE_MAJOR=20Copy
  • Current Release
NODE_MAJOR=22Copy

5. Using the following command, You can now add the Node.JS repository to your Raspberry Pi’s sources list.

echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/nodesource.gpg] https://deb.nodesource.com/node_$NODE_MAJOR.x nodistro main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nodesource.listCopy

6. Since we made changes to your sources list you will need to run an update of the package list again.

Update the package list on your Raspberry Pi by using the following command.

sudo apt updateCopy

Installing Node.JS on the Raspberry Pi

7. With the NodeJS repositories added to our Raspberry Pi, we can proceed to install the runtime to our device.

As the script we ran in the previous step runs a package update, we simply need to install the package.

sudo apt install nodejsCopy

8. To verify that we have now successfully installed NodeJS, we can run the following command.

This command will retrieve the version number from the runtime environment.

node -vCopy

As we are running the LTS release (v16 at the time of Publish) of NodeJS, we got the following version string in our command line.

v16.14.2Copy

Installing Additional Development Tools

When using NPM to install additional modules you may have issues when the module needs compiling to support the native hardware.

We can install the “build-essential” package to solve most of these issues. This package contains various tools used to compile software.

You can install this package to your Raspberry Pi by using the following command on your device.

sudo apt install build-essentialCopy

Conclusion

You should now have successfully installed NodeJS on your device at this point in the tutorial.

NodeJS is a powerful JavaScript runtime environment that allows you to run JavaScript natively without a web browser.

Thanks to its speed and relative ease of use, it is a fantastic framework to run on the Raspberry Pi.

If you have had any issues installing the software, please leave a comment below.

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14 Comments

  1. Avatar for Peter
    Peter on

    Does not work.

    $ sudo apt update
Ign:1 https://deb.nodesource.com/node_.x nodistro InRelease          
Hit:2 http://archive.raspberrypi.com/debian bookworm InRelease      
Hit:3 http://raspbian.raspberrypi.com/raspbian bookworm InRelease
Err:4 https://deb.nodesource.com/node_.x nodistro Release
  404  Not Found [IP: 172.67.10.205 443]
Reading package lists... Done
E: The repository 'https://deb.nodesource.com/node_.x nodistro Release' does not have a Release file.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
W: http://raspbian.raspberrypi.com/raspbian/dists/bookworm/InRelease: Key is stored in legacy trusted.gpg keyring (/etc/apt/trusted.gpg), see the DEPRECATION section in apt-key(8) for details.
    Reply
    1. Avatar for Emmet
      Emmet on
      Editor

      Hi Peter,

      I quickly re-ran through this tutorial and everything is still working as intended.

      This will only happen if you failed to follow step 4 which leads to step 5 inserting an empty variable.

      Please try following step 4 and step 5 again. You can verify that the variable is being set properly by using the command “echo $NODE_MAJOR“.

      Kind regards,
      Emmet

      Reply
  2. Avatar for Hunter
    Hunter on

    This was exactly what I was looking for! Easy to follow and straight to the point. Thanks for the info!

    Reply
  3. Avatar for Cristian
    Cristian on

    Hi again Emmet,

    Thanks for getting back to me. I don’t see a reply button for your message so I’m writing again in the Leave a Reply section for fear a reply to my own message won’t find its way to you. I’m running the 32 lite version with no desktop environment for a headless zero.

    Reply
    1. Avatar for Emmet
      Emmet on
      Editor

      Hi Cristian,

      Unfortunately, the Raspberry Pi Zero is where you would be having your issue. The Pi Zero only supports ARMv6 which many packages no longer provide builds for. One of those packages just happens to be Node.JS.

      There is a workaround to this and that is to use unofficial builds. These are unsupported and are marked as “experimental” but it is a solution. I haven’t tested the following steps myself but they are a combination of what I’ve seen people use around the internet, so please let me know if they work for your or not.

      1. You will need to uninstall the version of Node.JS you installed through the guide above, then you must remove the nodesource repository. This is as simple as deleting the sources file we created during the guide and running another “apt update”.

      2. Once you have cleaned up after the tutorial above you can download the ARM V6 version of Node.JS to your Raspberry Pi Zero.

      wget https://unofficial-builds.nodejs.org/download/release/v20.9.0/node-v20.9.0-linux-armv6l.tar.gz

      3. Next, you need to extract the contents of this archive.

       tar -xzf node-v20.9.0-linux-armv6l.tar.gz

      4. once it has finished extracting, we will move it onto the “/opt/” directory. Storing it here should keep it out of the way of other applications on your Pi OS.

      sudo mv node-v20.9.0-linux-armv6l /opt/nodejs/

      5. Finally, we need to link everything to where it would be expected under a normal installation of Node.JS.

      sudo ln -s /opt/nodejs/bin/node /usr/bin/node;
sudo ln -s /opt/nodejs/bin/node /usr/sbin/node;
sudo ln -s /opt/nodejs/bin/node /sbin/node;
sudo ln -s /opt/nodejs/bin/node /usr/local/bin/node;
sudo ln -s /opt/nodejs/bin/npm /usr/bin/npm;
sudo ln -s /opt/nodejs/bin/npm /usr/sbin/npm;
sudo ln -s /opt/nodejs/bin/npm /sbin/npm;
sudo ln -s /opt/nodejs/bin/npm /usr/local/bin/npm;
sudo ln -s /opt/nodejs/bin/npx /usr/bin/npx;
sudo ln -s /opt/nodejs/bin/npx /usr/sbin/npx;
sudo ln -s /opt/nodejs/bin/npx /sbin/npx;
sudo ln -s /opt/nodejs/bin/npx /usr/local/bin/npx;
      Reply
  4. Avatar for Cristian
    Cristian on

    Hi,

    Thanks for the article. On step 8, when I tried to run node -v, it returned “illegal instruction”. Any thoughts on this? I followed all the previous steps!

    Reply
    1. Avatar for Emmet
      Emmet on
      Editor

      Hi Cristian,

      Typically that issue is caused by either using to old of a Raspberry Pi. Or an architecture that isn’t supported.

      What Raspberry Pi are you using, also what version of the OS are you using? 32-bit or 64-bit.

      Cheers,
      Emmet

      Reply
  5. Avatar for jhoybs
    jhoybs on

    I followed your tutorial twice with fresh versions of RPi OS. It installs node, but not npm!

    Reply
    1. Avatar for Emmet
      Emmet on
      Editor

      Hi jhoybs,

      I just quickly ran through the tutorial and npm seems to be still getting installed fine. At least with installing Node.JS 20.x.

      Have you ran into any errors in particular while following the guide?

      Cheers,
      Emmet

      Reply
    2. Avatar for Daniel
      Daniel on

      You may need to logout and login again.

      Reply
  6. Avatar for Mr. Strange
    Mr. Strange on

    Thanks !

    Reply
  7. Avatar for G
    G on

    Thanks. But I’ve just tried this and the instructions for ‘current LTS release’, the message is showing ‘deprecated link’.

    Reply
    1. Avatar for Emmet
      Emmet on
      Editor

      Hi G,

      Thank you for alerting us to this. I have updated the tutorial to use the newer method for setting up NodeJS on the Raspberry Pi.

      Please let me know if you have any issues.

      Cheers,
      Emmet

      Reply
  8. Avatar for Tanmay
    Tanmay on

    Thanks a lot.

    Reply